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The amplitude of these components has been associated with impairments in processes such as stimulus orientation discrimination and classification, early visual filtering, reorienting of attention, inhibitory control, feedback processing, and interference control, among others (reviewed by Johnstone and Galletta, 2013). When ERPs comparisons between ADHD and control subjects have been computed, differences have been observed in frontal Selection Positivity (SP), Error-related Negativity and Error-related Positivity, Selection Negativity (SN), Feedback Negativity, Contingent Negative Variation (CNV), N2, P300, and Late Negativity (in both visual and auditory modalities). Auditory and visual attentional systems, preparatory processes and executive functions have been studied. From a cognitive perspective, deficits in cognitive and executive functioning, response inhibition, and temporal processing have been described in ADHD (Barkley, 1997 Castellanos and Tannock, 2002 Rapport et al., 2008 Willcutt et al., 2005).Įvent-Related Potentials (ERPs) have been used to understand the differential neurophysiology of ADHD (Buchsbaum and Wender, 1973 Satterfield and Braley, 1977). The late or impaired development of these networks would support the ADHD impairments observed in WM development. White matter tracts are also affected, including fronto-striatal, inter-hemispheric, fronto-cerebellar, and fronto-posterior areas (Chen et al., 2016). Moreover, a delay in the cortical thinning of temporal, parietal, and frontal regions has been found (Shaw et al., 2012). The dysfunctional development of the brain includes changes in the gray matter of hippocampus, basal ganglia, amygdala, insula, and ventromedial/frontal regions. The neurobiological bases of Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are widely accepted (Rubia, 2018) for both neuroanatomical and neurophysiological organizational levels. The present results suggest that in correct trials ADHD children use the same neural resources to select the memorized item from WM with similar efficacy than controls, although a lower Pd suggests a difficulty in suppressing distractors. The cluster mass permutation statistics showed a significant N2pc component in both groups during the recognition phase, but a significant Pd component was present only in controls. Specifically, errors were much higher in ADHD than in controls. RTs and errors were higher in ADHD subjects compared to the control group. Reaction times (RTs), errors, and Event Related Potentials (ERPs) were obtained in a DMTS task during the recognition phase in correct trials. Thirty-four control subjects were recruited from public schools and matched by age (from 6 to 17 years old) and gender with the ADHD group. For the purpose of the study, twenty-nine ADHD subjects diagnosed with a structured interview and the DuPaul questionnaire, were included in the study. During the recognition phase of a delayed match-to-sample test (DMTS) a reduced N2pc component, related to the attentional selection of the memorized item and a reduced distractor positivity (Pd), related to the processing suppression of distractors are expected in ADHD subjects. Impairment of executive functions including attention and working memory (WM) have been proposed as an important feature of Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).